What is this week about?
Las Defnitivas here!! This week we have been working with Speed learning and the concepts of TPACK and ACAD. So, for doing it we had to answer some questions:
What is TPACK and What is ACAD exactly? (e.g. is it a technology tool, a theory, a model, an animal, a poem, an author? All these? About what?)
TPACK stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The precursor of this framework is Lee Shulman, although some other authors have developed similar ideas, such as Mishra and Koehler. It regards effective teaching with technology and its complexity, that integrates technological knowledge (TK) that helps teachers combine tech and teaching both aspects in a learning atmosphere, pedagogical knowledge regarding the effectiveness, art, and way of teaching in a way to make it appealing for students, and content knowledge which refers to the theoretical knowledge that the teacher has about the subject itself; which are all important to the interaction model among the bodies of knowledge.
ACAD stands for Activity Centered Analysis and Design which is a framework by Goodyear and Carvalho (2014) which backs up the analysis and design of complex learning environments. The ACAD approach is an emerging activity that involves thinking, moving, feeling,...
It has three key designs: set design referring to the tools and physical environment, epistemic which proposes tasks and social design that situates roles and relations with people.
Which are the essential TPACK elements and how do they interact with each other? There are three essential TPACK elements of technology, pedagogy and technology.
The essential TPACK elements are content pedagogy and technology but there are their intersections two to two and the intersection between the three essential components. The elements interact with each other, which leads to the creation of intersections between the three essential elements. These intersections are what make up the TPACK.
The intersection that forms between technology and pedagogy is called TPK and consists of relying on technology to teach. The intersection that is formed between pedagogy and content is called PCK and allows the teacher to explain the specific content they need. The following intersection is created between technology and content and is called TCK and consists of the fact that at the time of teaching the content the teacher can rely on technology to do his job better. And the most complete intersection in which it occurs between technology, pedagogy, and content and receives this is where we talk about TPACK.
The interaction that occurs makes each element necessary and dependent on another since if the teacher does not have knowledge of the content that he has to teach, he will not be able to explain it nor will he be able to use technological resources for it. But we don’t have to forget another fact that affects all the elements and its intersection is the context.
Which are the essential ACAD elements and how do they interact with each other?
There are 3 different ACAD elements we can find in ACAD which are essential:
-Set design: it is how we introduce physical and virtual environments as well as the tools and resources to stand learning. The previously mentioned notions are all physical learning activities.
-Epistemic design: it implies suggesting activities, in other words, proposing different tasks students could do.
-Social design: suggestions about how people could work together. In this element, it is decided, for instance, whether students work in group or on their own.
All the previous elements are different, but they need to interact with each other in order to acquire the ACAD. As we can see, one is needed to move to the other point, therefore, we have in the first place the Set design, which is in charge of introducing the physical and virtual aspects into the learning. This way, it will lead to the next point, which is the Epistemic design, suggesting activities based on the preceding point. Finally, the Social design. Once the last two points are established, this one will administer the interactive side.
How would TPACK be useful for you?
TPACK is a very useful tool for teachers nowadays since we think the three areas that are covered in this framework (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge) are core elements for the current definition of effective teaching.
We are surrounded by technology and we have implemented it in many aspects of our daily lives, so the natural thing is to incorporate it into education too. Technology provides many tools that can be used in very creative and innovative ways by the teachers, who can make the lessons and classes more appealing for their students. It is also worth mentioning that younger generations seem to understand technology better than older ones because they were born in the digital era. That way, if teachers introduce technological tools in their lessons, students might be more engaged. In addition, technology has already proven to be really useful during the past year, during the pandemic. We have all acquired new technological knowledge that is now necessary to keep educating ourselves.
Pedagogical knowledge helps teachers know how to design their lessons and make them appealing to their students. In order to do that they need to know about different educational theories and methods, the curriculum, the school’s contexts, their students' previous knowledge, etc. This area of knowledge is key for every teacher to organize engaging lessons that students enjoy and where they can learn.
It is absolutely necessary for teachers to have an understanding of the subjects they are imparting. Content knowledge is key to make the message get across to the students.
How is TPACK related to ACAD?
Teacher’s purpose is to make their students learn. Teachers set learning goals and they design activities for achieving them. When choosing and designing an activity a teacher needs to have some special knowledge.
TPACK is the different kinds of knowledge that all good teachers should have. The knowledge is classified into content, pedagogical and technological knowledge.
ACAD is the relation between people, tools, and tasks. When creating a new activity it is necessary to arrange the physical environment (set design). Also, it is necessary to propose a task (epistemic design) and to decide how people will work during the accomplishment of the activity (social design).
It is crucial that there is coherence between the chosen activity and the desired learning outcomes.
In this sense, for choosing and designing appropriate activities a teacher needs to know which tools and resources are available, so for creating the set design, technological knowledge is needed.
When a teacher designs a task (epistemic design), it is essential that they know what content is required for achieving the desired learning outcomes. Therefore, they need content knowledge.
Furthermore, it is also necessary to have pedagogical content and know how people think and learn better. This way, the teacher will be able to organize in which format students are going to work together (social design).
Is there any important part of the Teacher’s action which hasn’t been included in the TPACKACAD model yet? Is TPACK-ACAD sufficient to understand a teacher’s job?
The TPACK-ACAD model is not sufficient to understand the complexity of a teacher’s job. This model lacks one essential part of the teacher’s dimension, which is the context.
The same teacher will design very different activities depending on the context where they work. Each school and class is unique as the historical time is not the same, the cultures are varied, the students’ personalities and interests are different, the behavior of each kid, as well. The financial situations of the family will influence which resources will be available, which contents are more valued, and so on.
All in all, there are many variables that have a great impact on the decisions that a teacher makes when designing an activity. Not only the teacher formation and the activity itself will influence the learning results, but also the context in which this learning process takes place.
What type of information map did you choose for each framework, and why?
What is TPACK and What is ACAD exactly? (e.g. is it a technology tool, a theory, a model, an animal, a poem, an author? All these? About what?)
TPACK stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The precursor of this framework is Lee Shulman, although some other authors have developed similar ideas, such as Mishra and Koehler. It regards effective teaching with technology and its complexity, that integrates technological knowledge (TK) that helps teachers combine tech and teaching both aspects in a learning atmosphere, pedagogical knowledge regarding the effectiveness, art, and way of teaching in a way to make it appealing for students, and content knowledge which refers to the theoretical knowledge that the teacher has about the subject itself; which are all important to the interaction model among the bodies of knowledge.
ACAD stands for Activity Centered Analysis and Design which is a framework by Goodyear and Carvalho (2014) which backs up the analysis and design of complex learning environments. The ACAD approach is an emerging activity that involves thinking, moving, feeling,...
It has three key designs: set design referring to the tools and physical environment, epistemic which proposes tasks and social design that situates roles and relations with people.
Which are the essential TPACK elements and how do they interact with each other? There are three essential TPACK elements of technology, pedagogy and technology.
The essential TPACK elements are content pedagogy and technology but there are their intersections two to two and the intersection between the three essential components. The elements interact with each other, which leads to the creation of intersections between the three essential elements. These intersections are what make up the TPACK.
The intersection that forms between technology and pedagogy is called TPK and consists of relying on technology to teach. The intersection that is formed between pedagogy and content is called PCK and allows the teacher to explain the specific content they need. The following intersection is created between technology and content and is called TCK and consists of the fact that at the time of teaching the content the teacher can rely on technology to do his job better. And the most complete intersection in which it occurs between technology, pedagogy, and content and receives this is where we talk about TPACK.
The interaction that occurs makes each element necessary and dependent on another since if the teacher does not have knowledge of the content that he has to teach, he will not be able to explain it nor will he be able to use technological resources for it. But we don’t have to forget another fact that affects all the elements and its intersection is the context.
Which are the essential ACAD elements and how do they interact with each other?
There are 3 different ACAD elements we can find in ACAD which are essential:
-Set design: it is how we introduce physical and virtual environments as well as the tools and resources to stand learning. The previously mentioned notions are all physical learning activities.
-Epistemic design: it implies suggesting activities, in other words, proposing different tasks students could do.
-Social design: suggestions about how people could work together. In this element, it is decided, for instance, whether students work in group or on their own.
All the previous elements are different, but they need to interact with each other in order to acquire the ACAD. As we can see, one is needed to move to the other point, therefore, we have in the first place the Set design, which is in charge of introducing the physical and virtual aspects into the learning. This way, it will lead to the next point, which is the Epistemic design, suggesting activities based on the preceding point. Finally, the Social design. Once the last two points are established, this one will administer the interactive side.
How would TPACK be useful for you?
TPACK is a very useful tool for teachers nowadays since we think the three areas that are covered in this framework (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge) are core elements for the current definition of effective teaching.
We are surrounded by technology and we have implemented it in many aspects of our daily lives, so the natural thing is to incorporate it into education too. Technology provides many tools that can be used in very creative and innovative ways by the teachers, who can make the lessons and classes more appealing for their students. It is also worth mentioning that younger generations seem to understand technology better than older ones because they were born in the digital era. That way, if teachers introduce technological tools in their lessons, students might be more engaged. In addition, technology has already proven to be really useful during the past year, during the pandemic. We have all acquired new technological knowledge that is now necessary to keep educating ourselves.
Pedagogical knowledge helps teachers know how to design their lessons and make them appealing to their students. In order to do that they need to know about different educational theories and methods, the curriculum, the school’s contexts, their students' previous knowledge, etc. This area of knowledge is key for every teacher to organize engaging lessons that students enjoy and where they can learn.
It is absolutely necessary for teachers to have an understanding of the subjects they are imparting. Content knowledge is key to make the message get across to the students.
How is TPACK related to ACAD?
Teacher’s purpose is to make their students learn. Teachers set learning goals and they design activities for achieving them. When choosing and designing an activity a teacher needs to have some special knowledge.
TPACK is the different kinds of knowledge that all good teachers should have. The knowledge is classified into content, pedagogical and technological knowledge.
ACAD is the relation between people, tools, and tasks. When creating a new activity it is necessary to arrange the physical environment (set design). Also, it is necessary to propose a task (epistemic design) and to decide how people will work during the accomplishment of the activity (social design).
It is crucial that there is coherence between the chosen activity and the desired learning outcomes.
In this sense, for choosing and designing appropriate activities a teacher needs to know which tools and resources are available, so for creating the set design, technological knowledge is needed.
When a teacher designs a task (epistemic design), it is essential that they know what content is required for achieving the desired learning outcomes. Therefore, they need content knowledge.
Furthermore, it is also necessary to have pedagogical content and know how people think and learn better. This way, the teacher will be able to organize in which format students are going to work together (social design).
Is there any important part of the Teacher’s action which hasn’t been included in the TPACKACAD model yet? Is TPACK-ACAD sufficient to understand a teacher’s job?
The TPACK-ACAD model is not sufficient to understand the complexity of a teacher’s job. This model lacks one essential part of the teacher’s dimension, which is the context.
The same teacher will design very different activities depending on the context where they work. Each school and class is unique as the historical time is not the same, the cultures are varied, the students’ personalities and interests are different, the behavior of each kid, as well. The financial situations of the family will influence which resources will be available, which contents are more valued, and so on.
All in all, there are many variables that have a great impact on the decisions that a teacher makes when designing an activity. Not only the teacher formation and the activity itself will influence the learning results, but also the context in which this learning process takes place.
What type of information map did you choose for each framework, and why?
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